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4UMBER. 



V. 



^ COMPLjTE_jlRi$T^ljSSSTORY IN EACH NUMBER. 

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EULOGY 



O XX 



iMES A. GARFIELD, 

TWENTIETH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 
»red rebrm«T 27, 1882, in the House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. 



B-V 



HON. JAMES g/bLAINE. 



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OF 



JAMES A. GAKFIELD, 



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EULOGY 



ON 



JAMES A. GARFIELD, 

TWENTIETH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

DELIVERED IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES, WASHINGTON, D. C, 
FEBKXJ^VIIY 27, 1882, BY 

Hon. J^IMES GJ^. BLj^INE. 



The following cnlogy was delivered before one of the 
moet notable gatherings of distingnislied men and women 
this country has ever seen, and was received with enthu- 
siastic expressions of approval and counnendation. 

Mb. President : For the second time in this generation 
tlie great de[)artnients of the Govenunent of the United 
States are assembled in the Hall of llepresentatives to do 
honor to the memory of a murdered President, lincoln 
fell at the close of a mighty struggle, in which the pa.ssioiis 
of men had been deeply stirred. The tragical termina- 
tion of his great life added bnt another to the lengthened 
succession of horrors which had marked so niuny lintels 
with the blood of the first-born. Grui-field Vvus slain in a 
day of peace, when brother Lad been reconciled t6 
brother, and when anger and hate had been banished 



from the land. "Whoever shall hereafter draw the 
portrait of murder, if he will show it as it has been ex- 
hibited where such example wiLs last to have been looked 
for, let him not give it the grim visixge of Moloch — the 
brow knitted by revenge, the face black with settled hate. 
Let him draw, rather, a decorous, smooth-faced, bloodless 
demon ; not so much an exampk; of human nature in its 
depravity and in its paroxysms of crime as an infernal 
being, a fiend in the ordinary flisplay and development 
of his character." 

From the landing of the pilgrims at Plymouth till the 
uprising against Charles I., about 20,000 emigrants came 
from Old England to New England. As they came in 
pursuit of intellectual freedom and ecclesiastical indepen- 
dence rather than for worldly lienor and profit, the emi- 



Jli\j LiKJKjr 2. \JV{ o-a.isi.£ja -o.. \jrJ:i.i\r xiuuij. 



gration naturally ceased when the contest for religious 
liberty began in earnest at home. The man who struck 
his most eiiective blow for freedom of conscience by 
sailing for the colonies in 1620 would have been accounted 
a deserter to leave after 1640. The opportunity had 
then come on the soil of England for that great contest 
which established the authority of Parliament, gave relig- 
ious freedom to the people, sent Charles to the block, 
and committed to the hands of Oliver Cromwell the 
supreme executive authority of England. The English 
emigration was never renewed, and from these 20,000 
men, with a small emigration from Scotland and from 
France, are descended the vast numbers who have New 
England blood in their veins. 

In 1685 the revocation of the edict of Nantes by 
Louis XIV. scattered to other countries four hundred 
thousand Protestants, who were among the most intelli- 
gent and enterprising of French subjects — merchants 
of capital, skilled manufacturers, and handicraftsmen, 
superior at the time to all others in Europe. A con- 
siderable number of these Huguenot French came to 
America; a few landed in New England and became 
honorably prominent in its history. Their names have 
in large part become anglicized, or have disappeared, 
but their blood is traceable in many of the most reputa- 
ble families, and their fame is perpetuated in honorable 
memorials and useful institutions. 

From these two sources, the English-Puritan and the 
French-Huguenot, came the late President — his father, 
Abram Garfield, being descended from the one, and 
his mother, Eliza Ballon, from the other. It was good 
stock on both sides — none better, none braver, none 
truer. There was in it an inheritance of courage, of 
manliness, of imperishable love of liberty, of undying 
adherence to principle. Garfield was proud oi his 
blood, and, with as much satisfaction as if he were a 
British nobleman reading his stately ancestral record 
in Burke's Peerage, he spoke of himself as ninth in 
descent from those who would not endure the oppres- 
sion of the Stuarts, and seventh in descent from the 
brave French Protestants who refused to submit to 
tyranny even from the Grand Monarque. 

General Gai-field delighted to dwell on these traits, 
and, during his only visit to England, he busied him- 



self in discovering eveiy trace of his forefathers in 
parish registries and on ancient army rolls. Sitting with 
a friend in the gallery of the House of Commons one 
night after a long day's labor in this field of research, 
he said with evident elation that in every war in which 
for three centuries patriots of English blood had struck 
sturdy blows for constitutional government and human 
liberty his family had been represented. They were 
at Marston Moor, at Naseby, and at Preston ; they were « 
at Bunker Hill, at Saratoga, and at Monmouth, and in 
his own person had battled for the same great cause in 
the war which preserved the union of the States. 

Garfield's Eaely Life. 

Losing his father "before he was two years old, the 
early life of Garfield was one of privation, but its pov- 
erty has been made indelicately and unjustly prominent. 
Thousands of readers have imagined him as the rag- 
ged, starving child, whose reality too often greets the 
eye in the squalid sections of our lai'ge cities. General 
Garfield's infancy and youth had none of their desti- 
tution, none of their pitiful features appealing to the 
tender heart and to the open hand of charity. He was 
a poor boy in the same sense in which Henry Clay was 
a poor boy; in which Andrew Jackson was a poor 
boy ; in which Daniel Webster was a poor boy ; in the 
sense in which a large majority of the eminent men of 
America in all generations have been poor boys. Be- 
fore a great multitude of men, in a public speech, Mr. 
"Webster bore this testimony : 

" It did not happen to me to be born in a log cabin, 
but my elder brothers and sisters were born in a log 
cabin, raised amid the snow-drifts of New Hampshire, 
at a period so early that when the smoke rose first from 
its rude chimney and curled ever the frozen hills there 
was no similar evidence of a white man's habitation 
between it and the settlements on the rivers of Canada. 
Its remains still exist. I make to it an annual visit. 
I carry my children to it to teach them the hardships 
endured by the generations which have gone before 
them. I love to dwell on the tender recollections, the 
kindred ties, the early affections, and the touching nar- 
ratives and incidents which mingle with all I know of 
this primitive family abode." 



t.'dm^i 




EULOGY ON JAMES A. GARFIELD. 



With the requisite change of scene the same words 
would aptly porti-ay the early days of Garfield? The 
poverty of the frontier, where all are engaged in a com- 
nion struggle and where a common sympathy and hearty 
co-operation lighten the burdens of each, is a very differ- 
ent poverty, different in kind, different in influence and 
effect from that conscious and humiliating indigence which 
is every day forced to contrast itself with neighboring 
wealth •n which it feels a sense of grinding dependence. 
The poverty of the frontier is indeed no poverty. It is 
but the beginning of wealth, and has the boundless possi- 
. bilities of the future always opening before it. No man 
ever grew up in the agricultural regions of the West where 
a house-raising, or even a corn-husking, is matter of com- 
mon interest and hopefulness, with any other feeling than 
that of broad-minded, generous independence. This 
honorable independence marked the youth of Garfield as 
it marks the youth of millions of the best blood and brain 
now training for the future citizenship and future govern- 
ment of the Republic. Garfield was born heir to land, to 
the title of freeholder which has been the patent and pass- 
* port of self-respect with the Anglo-Saxon race ever since 
Ilengist and Horsa landed on the shores of England. His 
adventure on the canal — an alternative between that and 
the dec:k of a Lake Erie schooner — was a farmer boy's 
device for earning money, just as the New-England lad 
begins a possibly great career by sailing before the mast 
on a coasting vessel or a merchantman bound to the 
farther India or to the China Seas. 

No manly man feels anything of shame in looking back 
to early struggles with adverse circumstances, and no man 
feels a worthier pride than when he has conquered the 
obstacles to his progress. But no one of noble mould de- 
sires to be looked upon as having occupied a menial posi- 
tion, as having bqen repressed by a feeling of inferiority, 
or as having suffered the evils of poverty until relief was 
found at the hand of charity. Gen. Garfield's youth pre- 
sented no hardships which family love and family energy 
did not overcome, subjected him to no privations which 
he did not «heerfully accept, and left no memories save 
those which were recalled with delight, and transmitted 
with profit and with pride. 

Garfield's early opportunities for securing an education 
were extremely limited, and yet were sufficient to develop 



in him an intense desire to learn. He could read at three 
years of age, and each winter he had the advantage of the 
district school. He read all the books to be found within 
the circle of his acquaintance ; some of them he got by 
heart. While yet in childhood he was a constant student 
of the Bible, and became familiar with its literature. The 
dignity and earnestness of his speech in his maturer life 
gave evidence of this early training. At eighteen years 
of age he was able to teach school, and thenceforward his 
ambition was to obtain a college educiition. To this end 
he bent all his efforts, working in the harvest field, at the 
carpenter's bench, and in the winter season teaching the 
common schools of the neighborhood. While thus labori- 
ously occupied he found time to prosecute his studies, 
and was so successful that at twenty-two years of age he 
was able to enter the Junior Class at Williams College, 
then under the Presidency of the venerable and honored 
Mark Hopkins, who, in the fulness of hfe powers, sur- 
vives the eminent people to whom he was of inestimable 
service. 



In PtTBLic Life and the Akmt. 

The history of Garfield's life to this period presents 
no novel features. He had undoubtedly shown perse- 
verance, self-reliance, self-sacrifice, and ambition— quali- 
ties which, be it said for the honor of our country, are 
everywhere to be found among the young men of Amer- 
ica. But from his graduation at Williams onward, to the 
hour of his tragical death, Garfield's career was eminent 
and exceptional. Slowly working through his educa- 
tional period, receiving his diploma when 24 years of 
age, he seemed at one bound to spring into conspicuous 
and brilliant success. Within six years he was succes- 
sively President of a college. State Senator of Ohio, 
Major-General of the Army of the United States, and 
Eepresentative-elect to the National Congress. A com- 
bination of honors so varied, so elevated, within a period 
so brief and to a man so young, is without precedent or 
parallel in the history of the country. 

Garfield's army life was begun with no other military 
knowledge than such as he had hastily gained from books 
in the few months preceding his march to the field. 
Stepping from civil life to the head of a regiment, the 
first order he received when ready to crOss the Ohio was 



KULOGY OX JAMES A. GAliPlELD. 



to assume command of a brigade, and to operate as an 
independent force in Eastern Kentucky. His immediate 
duty was to check tlie advance of Humphrey Marsliall, who 
waB marching down the Big Sandy with the intention of 
occupying in connection with other Confederate forces 
the entire territory of Kentucky, and of precipitating 
the State into secession. This was at the close of the 
year 1861. Seldom, if ever, has a young college pro- 
fessor been thrown into a nioi'e embarrassing and dis- 
couraging position. He knew just enough of military 
science, as he expressed it himself, to measure the ex- 
tent of his ignorance, and with a handful of men he 
was marching, in rough winter weather, into a strange 
country, among a hostile population, to confront a largely 
superior force under the command of a distinguished 
graduate of West Point, who had seen active and im- 
portant service in two preceding wars. 

The result of the campaign is matter of history. The 
skill, the endurance, the extraordinary energy shown by 
Garfield, the courage he imparted to his men, raw and 
untried as himself, the measures he adopted to increase 
his force and to create in the enemy's mind exaggerated 
estimates of his numbers bore perfect fruit in the rout- 
ing of Marshall, the capture of his camp, the dispersion 
of his force, and the emancipation of an important terri- 
tory from the control of the Rebellion. Coming at the 
close of a long series of disastere to the Union arms, 
Garfield's victory had an unusual and extraneous impor- 
tance, and in the popular judgment elevated the young 
commander to the rank of a military hero. With less 
than 2000 men in his entire command, with a mobilized 
force of only 1100, without cannon, he had met an 
ai-my of 5000 and defeated them— driving Marshall's 
forces successively from two strongholds of tlieir own 
selection, fortified with abundant artillery. Major-Gen. 
Buell, commanding the Department of the Ohio, an 
experienced and able soldier of the Regular Army, pub- 
lished an order of thanks and congratulation on the 
brilliant result of the Big Sandy campaign, which would 
have turned the head of a less cool and sensible man 
than Garfield. Buell declared that his services had 
called into action the highest qualities of a soldier, and 
President Lincoln supplemented these words of praise 
by the more substantial reward of a Brigadier-General's 



commission, to bear date from the day of his decisive 
victory over Mai-shall. 

The subsequent miHtary career of Garfield fully sus- 
tained its brilliant beginning. With his new commission 
he was assigned to the command of a brigade in the 
Army of the Ohio, and took part in the second and de- 
cisive day's fight in the great battle of Shiloh. The 
remainder of the year 1862 was not especially eventful to 
Garfield, as it was not to the armies with which he was 
servino-. His practical sense was called into exercise in 
completing the task, assigned him by Gen. Buell, of re- 
constructing bridges and re-establishing lines of railway ., 
communication for the army. His occupation in this 
useful but not brilliant field was vai-ied by service on 
courts-martial of importance, in which department of 
duty he won a valuable reputation, attracting the notice 
and securing the approval of the able and eminent Judge- 
Advocate-General of the Army. That of itself was war- 
rant to honorable fame ; for among the great men who in 
those trying days gave themselves, with entire devotion, 
to the service of their country, one who brought to that 
service the ripest learning, the most fervid eloquence, the 
most varied attainments, who labored with modesty and 
shunned applause, who in the day of triumph sat reserved 
and silent and grateful— as Francis Deak in the hour of 
Hungary's deliverance— was Joseph Holt, of Kentucky, 
who in his honorable retirement enjoys the respect and 
veneration of all who love the union of the States. 

Early in 1863 Garfield was assigned to the liighly im- 
portant and responsible post of Chief of Staff to Gen, 
Rosecrans, then at the head of the Army of the Cumber- 
land. Perhaps in a great military campaign no subordi- 
nate ofticer requires sounder judgment and quicker 
knowledge of men than the Chief of Staff to the com- 
manding General. An indiscreet man in such a position 
can sow more discord, breed more jealousy, and dissem- 
inate more strife than any other officer in the entire 
organization. When Gen. Garfield assumed his new 
duties he found various troubles already well developed 
and seriously affecting the value and efficiency of the 
Army of the Cumberland. The energy, the impartiality, 
and the tact with which he sought to allay these dissen- 
sions, and to discharge the duties of his new and trying 
position, will always remain one of the most striking 



EUL03Y ON J.VMES A. GAKFIELD. 



proofs of his great versatility. His military duties clo.ed 
ou the .nemorable field of Chickamauga, a field which, 
however disastrous to the Union anns, gave to him the 
occasion of winning imperishable laurels. The very rare 
distinction was accorded him of a great promotion for Ins 
bravery on a field that was lost. President Lincoln 
appointed him a Major-General in the Anny of the 
United States for gallant and meritorious conduct in the 
battle of Chickamauga. 

The Army of the Cumberland was reorganized under 
. the command of Hen. Thomas, who promptly offered 
Garfield one of its divisions. He was extremely desirous 
to accept the position, but was embarrassed by the fact 
that he had, a year before, been elected to Congress, and 
tlie time when he must take his seat was drawing near. 
He prefeiTcd to remain in the military service, and had 
within his own breast the largest confidence of success 
in the wider field which his new rank opened to him. 
Balancing the arguments on the one side and the other, 
anxious to deternunc what was for the best, desirous 
above all things to-do his patriotic duty, he was decisive- 
ly influenced by the advice of President Lincoln and 
Secretary Stanton, both of whom assured him that he 
could, at that time, be of especiHl value in the House of 
Representatives. He resigned his commission of Major- 
General on the 5th day of December, 1863, and took his 
seat in the House of Representatives on the 7th. He 
had served two yeare and four montlis in the Army, and 
had just completed his 32d year. 



First Experience in Congress. 
The Thirty-eighth Congress is pr^-eminently entitled 
in history to the designation of the War Congress. It 
was elected while the war was flagrant, and every mem- 
ber was chosen upon the issues involved in the continu- 
ance of the struggle. The Thirty-seventh Congress had. 
indeed, legislated to a large extent on war measures, but 
it was chosen before any one believed that secession of 
the States would be actually attempted. The magnitude 
of the work which fell upon its successor was unprece- 
dented, both in respect to the vast sums of money raised 
for the support of the Army and Navy, and of the new 
and extraordinary powers of legislation which it was 
forced to exercise. Only 34 States were represented, 



and 182 membere were upon its roll. Among these 
wei-e many distinguished party leaders on both sides, 
veterans in the public service, with established repuU-^; 
tions for ability, and with that skill which comes only 
from parliamentary experience. Into this assemblage of 
men Garfield entered without special preparation, and, it 
might almost be said, unexpectedly. The question of 
taking command of a division of troops under Gen. 
Thomas, or taking his seat in Congress was kept open 
till the last moment; so late, indeed, that the resignation 
of his miliUry commission and his appearance in the 
House were almost contemporaneous. He wore the uni- 
form of a Major-General of the United States Array on 
Saturday, and on Monday, in civilian's dress, he answered 
to the roll-call as a Representative in Congress from the 

State of Ohio. 

He was especially fortunate in the constituency which 
elected him. Descended almost entirely from Ne^-Eng- 
land stock, the men of the Ashtabula district were in- 
tensely i-adical on all questions relating to human rights. 
Well educated, thrifty, thoroughly intelligent in affairs, 
.cutely discerning of character, not quick to bestow con- 
fidence, and slow to withdraw it, they were at once the 
most helpful and most exacting of supporters. Their 
tenacious tr^,st in men in whom they have once confided, 
is illustrated by the unparalleled fact that Elisha Whit- 
tlesey, Joshua R Giddings, and James A. Garfield rep- 
resented the district for 54 years. 

There is no test of a man's ability in any department 
of public life more severe than service in the House of 
Representatives; there is no place where so little defer- 
ence is paid to reputation previously acquired, or to emi- 
nence won outside ; no place where so little consideration 
is shown for the feelings or the failures of beginners. 
What a man gains in the House he gains by the sheer 
force of his own character, and if he loses and falls back 
he nmst expect no mercy, and will receive no sympathy^ 
It is a field in which the survival of the strongest is the; 
recognized rule, and where no pretence can deceive and 
no glamour can mislead. The real man is discovered, his 
worth is impartially weighed, his rank is irrevei.ibly de- 

With possibly a single exception, Garfield was the' 
youngest member of the House when he entered, and 



EULOGY ON JAMES A. GARPIM.D. 



was but seven years from his college graduation. But he 
had not been, in his seat sixty days before his ability was 
recognized and his place conceded. He stepped to the 
front with the confidence of one who belonged there. 
The House was crowded with strong men of both parties ; 
nineteen of them have since been transfen-ed to the Senate, 
and many of them have served with distinction in the 
Gubernatorial chairs of their respective States, and on for- 
eign missions of great consequence ; but among them all 
none grew so rapidly, none so firmly as Gai-field. As is said 
by Trevelyan of his Parliamentary hero, Garfield suc- 
ceeded " because all the world in concert could not have 
kept him in the background, and because when once in 
the front he played his part with a prompt intrepidity 
and a commanding ease that were but the outward symp- 
toms of the immense reserves of energy on which it was 
in his power to draw." Indeed, the apparently reserved 
force which Garfield possessed was one of his great char- 
acteristics. He never did so well but that it seemed he 
could easily have done better. He never expended, so 
much strength but that he seemed to be holding addi- 
tional power at «all. This is one of the happiest and 
rarest distinctions of an effective debater, and often counts 
for as much in persuading an assembly as the eloquent 
and elaborate argument. 

A Great Pakliamentakt Orator. 

The great measure of Garfield's fame was filled by his 
service in the House of Representatives. His militaiy 
life, illustrated by honorable perfonnance and rich in 
promise, was, as he himself felt, prematurely terminated, 
and necessarily incomplete. Speculation as to what he 
might have done in a field where the great prizes are so 
few cannot be profitable. It is sufficient to say that as a 
soldier he did his duty bravely ; he -did it intelligently ; 
he won an enviable fame, and he retired from the service 
without blot or breath against him. As a lawyer, though 
admirably equipped for the profession, he can scarcely be 
said to have entered on its practice. The few efforts he 
made at the Bar were distinguished by the same high 
order of talent which he exhibited on every field where 
he was put to the test, and if a man may be accepted as 
a competent judge of his own capacities and adaptations, 
the law was the profession to which Garfield should have 



devoted himself. But fate ordained otherwise, and his 
reputation in history will rest largely upon his service in 
the House of Representatives. That service was excep- 
tionally long. He was nine times consecutively chosen 
to the House, an honor enjoyed by not more than six 
other Representatives of the more than 5000 who have 
been elected from the organization of the Government 
to this hour. 

As a parliamentary orator, as a debater on an issue 
squarely joined, where the position had been chosen and 
the ground laid out, Garfield must be assigned a very 
high rank. More, perhaps, than any man with whom he 
was associated in public life, he gave careful and sys- 
tematic study to public questions, and he came to every 
discussion in which he took part with elaborate and com- 
plete prepai'ation. He was a steady and indefatigable 
worker. Those who imagine that talent or genius can 
supply the place or achieve the results of labor will find 
no encouragement in Garfield's life. In preliminary 
work he was apt, rapid, and skilful. He possessed in a 
high degree the power of readily absorbing ideas and 
facts, and, like Dr. Johnson, had the art of getting fr»m 
a book all that was of value in it by a reading apparently 
so quick and cursory that it seemed like a mere glance 
at the table of contents. He was a pre-eminently fair 
and candid man in debate, took no petty advantage, 
stooped to no unworthy methods, avoided personal 
allusions, rarely appealed to prejudice, did not seek to 
inflame passion. He had a quicker eye for the strong 
point of his adversary than for his weak point, and on 
his own side he so marshalled his weighty arguments as 
to make his hearers forget any possible lack in the com- 
plete strength of his position. He had a habit of stating 
his opponent's side with such amplitude of fairness and 
such liberality of concession that his followers often com- 
plained that he was giving his case away. But never in 
his prolonged participation in the proceedings of the 
House did he give his case away, or fail, in the judg- 
ment of competent and impartial listeners, to gain the 
mastery. 

These characteristics, which marked Garfield as a 
great debater, did not, however, make him a great jjar- 
liamentary leader. A parliamentary leader, as that term 
is understood wherever free representative government 



EULOGY ON .IA31ES A. GARFIELD. 



exist8,\ is 1 necessarily and very strictly the organ of 
his party. An ardent American defined the instinctive 
warmth of patriotism when he offered the toast, " Our 
conntry, always right; but right or wrong, our country." 
The parli.'imentaiy leader who has a body of followei-s 
tliat will 40 and dare and die for the cause is one wlio 
believes his .party always light, but, right or wrong, is 
for liis party.* No more important or exacting duty de- 
volves upon h/m than the selection of the field and the 
time for contest. He must know not merely how to 
strike, but where to strike and when to strike. He often 
.skilfully avoids "-^he strength of his opponent's position 
and scatters con^j^sion in his ranks by attacking an ex- 
posed point when teally the righteousness of the cause 

and the strength of logical iQtrenchment are against him. 

1 
He conquers often boti'i, against the right and the heavy 

battalions; as when young Charles Fox, in the days of 
his Toryism, carried the House of Commons against jus- 
tice, against its immemorial rights, against his own con- 
victions, if, indeed, at that period Fox had convictions, 
and, in the interest of a corrupt administration, in obedi- 
ence to a tyrannical sovereign, drove Wilkes from the 
seat to which the electore of Middlesex had chosen him 
and installed Luttrell, in defiance not merely of law but 
of public decency. For an achievement of that kind 
Garfield was disqualified — disqualified by the texture of 
his mind, by the honesty of his heart, by his conscience 
and by every instinct and aspiration of his nature. 

The three most distinguished parliamentary leaders 
hitherto developed in this country are Mr. Clay, Mr. 
J)ouglas, and Mr. Thaddeus Stevens. Each was a man 
of consummate ability, of great earnestness, of intense 
personality, differing widely, each from the others, and 
yet with a signal trait in common — the power to com- 
mand. In the give and take of daily discussion, in the 
art of controlling and consolidating reluctant and refrac- 
tory followers ; in the skill to overcome all forms of op- 
position, and to meet with competency and courage the 
varying phases of unlooked for assault or unsuspected 
defection, it would be diflicult to rank with these a 
fourth name in all our congressional history. But of 
these Mr. Clay was the greatest. It would, perhaps, be 
impossible to find in the parliamentary annals of the 
world a parallel to Mr. Clay in 1841, when at 64 years 



of age he took control of the Whig party from the Pres- 
ident who had received their suffrages, against the power 
of Webster in the Cabinet, against the eloquence of 
Choate in the Senate, against the Herculean efforts of 
Caleb Cushing and Henry A. Wise in the House. In 
unshai-ed leadership, in the pride and plenitude of power 
he hurled against John Tyler with deepest scorn the 
mass of that conquering column which had swept over 
the land in 1S40, and drove his Administration to seek 
shelter behind the lines of his political foes. Mr. Doug- 
las achieved a victory scarcely less wonderful when, in 
1854, against the secret desires of a strong Administra- 
tion, against the wise counsel of the older chiefs, against 
the conservative instincts and even the moral sense of 
the country, he forced a reluctant Congress into a repeal 
of the Missouri compromise. Mr. Thaddeus Stevens, 
in his contests from 1865 to 1868 actually advanced his 
parliamentary leadership until Congress tied the hands 
of the President and governed the country by its own 
will, leaving only perfunctory duties to be discharged by 
the Executive. With two hundred millions of patron- 
age in his hands at the opening of the contest, aided by 
the active force of Seward in the Cabinet and the moral 
power of Chase on the Bench, Andrew Johnson could 
not command the support of one third in either house 
against the parliamentary uprising of which Thaddeus 
Stevens was the animating spirit and the unquestioned 
leader. 

Breadth of Garfield's Work in Congress. 

From these three great men Garfield differed radically, 
differed in the quality of his mind, in temperament, in 
the form and phase «f ambition. He could not do what 
they did, but he could do what they could not, and in 
the breadth of his congressional work he left that wL^Ja 
will longer exert a potential influence among men, an ' 
which, measured by the severe test of posthumous crit- 
icism, will secure a more enduring and more enviable 
fame. 

Those unfamiliar with Garfield's industry, and igno- 
rant of the details of his work, may, in some degree, 
measure them by the annals of Congress. No one of 
the generation of public men to which he belonged has 
contributed so much that will be valuable for future ref- 



EULOGY ON JAMES A. GARFIELD. 



erence. His speeches are numerous, many of them bril- 
liant, all of them well studied, carefully phrased, and ex- 
haustive of the subject under consideration. Collected 
from the scattered pages of ninety royal octavo volumes of 
Congressional Record, they would present an invaluable 
compendium of the political history of the most impor- 
tant era through which the National Government has 
ever passed. "When the history of this period shall be 
impartially written, when war, legislation, measures of 
reconstruction, protection of human rights, amendments 
to the Constitution, maintenance of public credit, steps 
toward specie resumption, true theories of revenue may 
be reviewed, unsurrounded by prejudice and discon- 
nected from partisanism, the speeches of Garfield will be 
estimated at their true value, and will be found to com- 
prise a vast magazine of fact and argument, of clear 
analysis and sound conclusion. Indeed if no other 
authority were accessible, his speeches in the House of 
Representatives from December, 1863, to June, 1880, 
would give a well-connected history and complete de- 
fense of the important legislation of the seventeen event- 
ful years that constitute his parliamentary life. Far be- 
yond that, his speeches would be found to forecast many 
great measures yet to be completed — measures which he 
knew were beyond the public opinion of the hour, but 
which he confidently believed would secure popular ap- 
proval within the period of his own lifetime and by the 
aid of his own efforts. 

Differing, as Garfield does, from the brilliant parlia- 
mentary leaders, it is not easy to find his counterpart 
anywhere in the record of American public life. He 
perhaps more nearly resembles Mr. Seward in his su- 
preme faith in the all-conquering power of a principle. 
He had the love of learijing, and the patient industry of 
investigation, to which John Quincy Adams owes his 
prominence and his Presidency. He had some of those 
ponderous elements of mind which distinguished Mr. 
Webster, and which, indeed, in all our public life have 
left the great Massachusetts senator without an intellect- 
ual peer. 

In English Parliamentary history, as in our own, the 
leaders in the House of Commons present points of es- 
sential difference from Garfield. But some of his meth- 
ods recall the best features in the strong, independent 



course of Sir Robert Peel, and striking resemblances are 
discernable in that most promising of modern conserva- 
tives, who died too early for his country and his fame, 
the Lord George Bentinck. He had all of Burke's love 
for the sublime and the beautiful, with, possibly, some- 
thing of his superabimdance ; and in his fyth and his 
magnanimity, in his power of statement, in his subtle 
analysis, in his faultless logic, in his love 6f literature, in 
his wealth and world of illustration, one is reminded of that 
great English statesman of to-day, who, 'confronted with 
obstacles that would daunt any but the 'iauntless, reviled 
by those whom he would relieve as bitterly as by those 
whose supposed rights he is forced to invade, still labors 
with serene courage for the amelioration of Ireland, and 
for the honor of the English nam.e. 

Nominated For President. 

Garfield's nomination to the Presidency, while not pre- 
dicted or anticipated, was not a surprise to the country. 
His prominence in Congi-ess, his solid qualities, his wide 
reputation, strengthened by his then recent election aa 
Senator from Ohio, kept him in the public eye as a man 
occupying the very highest rank among those entitled 
to be called statesmen. It was not mere chance that 
brought him this high honor. "We must," says Mr. 
Emerson, " reckon success a constitutional trait. If Eric 
is in robust health and has slept well and is at the top of 
his condition and 30 years old at his departure from 
Greenland, he will steer west and hie ships will reach 
Newfoundland. But take Eric out and put in a stronger 
and bolder man and the ships will sail 600, 1000, 1500 
miles further and reach Labrador and New England. 
There is no chance in results." 

As a candidate, Garfield steadily grew in popular 
favor. He was met with a storm of detraction at the 
very hour of his nomination, and it continued with in- 
creasing volume and momentum until ,'tlie close of his 
victorious campaign : 

" No might nor greatness in mortality 
Can censure 'scape; baclswounding calumny 
The whitest virtue strilces. What king so strong 
Can tie the gall up in the slanderous tongue?" 

Under it all he was calm and strong and confident ; 
never lost his self-possession, did no unwise act, spoke 



-4 



laLoo; 



h' ()^ 



N JAMKS A. GARFIKLD. 



no ha^ or ill-considei-eri word. Indeed notliiug in bis time were distasteful to him, and were unfavorably con- 



whole ^fe ifl more reuuirkahle or more creditable than 
his bearng through those five full months of vitupera- 
tion — a prolonged agony of trial to a sensitive man, a con- 
stant and cmel draft upon the powers of moral endurance. 
The great mass of these unjust imputations passed un- 
noticed, and with the genei-al debris of the campaign fell 
into oblivioi- t5ut in a few instances the iron entered 
his soul andlbe died with the injury unforgotten if not 
unforgiven.l 

One aepecf of Garfield's candidacy was unprecedented. 
Never before in the liistory of partisan contests in this 
country had a successful Presidential candidate spoken 
freely on passingvCvents and current issues. To attempt 
anything of the knjd seemed novel, i-ash, and even des- 
{)erate. The older Lass of voters recalled the unfortu- 
nate Alabama letter, m which Mr. Clay was supposed to 
have signed his politick death warrant. They remem- 
l)ered also the hot-temppred effusion by which Gen. 
Scott lost a large'share of his popularity before his nomi- 
nation, and the unfortunate speeches which rapidly con- 
sumed the remainder. The younger votere had seen Mr. 
Greeley in a series of vigorous and original addresses pre- 
paring the pathway for his own defeat. Unmindful of 
these warnings, unheeding the advice of friends, Garfield 
spoke to large crowds as he journeyed to and from New 
York in August, to a great multitude in that city, to 
delegations and deputations of every kind that called at 
Mentor during the Summer and Autumn. With innu- 
merable critics, watchful and eager to catch a phrase that 
might be turned into odium or ridicule, or a sentence 
that might be distorted to his own or his party's injury, 
Garfield did not trip or halt in any one of his seventy 
speeches. This seems all the more remarkable when it 
is remembered that he did not write what he said, and 
yet spoke with such logical consecutiveness of thought 
and such admirable precision of phrase as to defy the 
accident of a misreport and the malignity of misrepre- 
sentation. 

Presidential Life and Work. 

In the beginning of his Presidential life Garfield's ex- 
perience did not yield him pleasure or satisfaction. The 
duties that engross so large a portion of the President's 



trasted with his legislative work. "1 have been dealing 
all these years with ideas," he impatiently exclaimed one 
day, " and here I am dealing only with persons." I have 
been heretofore ti-eating of the fundamental principles of 
government, and here I am considering all day whether 
A or B shall be appointed to this or that office." lie 
was earnestly seeking some practical way of correcting the 
evils arising from the distribution of overgrown and un- 
wieldy patronage — evils always appreciated and often 
discussed by him, but whose magnitude had been more 
deeply impressed upon his mind since his accession to 
the Presidency. Had he lived a comprehensive im- 
provement in the mode of appointment and in the tenure 
of office would have been proposed by him, and with the 
aid of Congress no doubt pcrfe<'ted. 

But, while many of the Executive duties were not 
grateful to him, he was assiduous and conscientious in 
their discharge.' From the very outset he exhibited ad- 
ministrative talent of a high order. lie grasped the 
helm of office with the hand of a master. In this re- 
spect, indeed, he constantly surprised many who were 
most intimately associated with him in the Government, 
and especially those who had feared that he might be 
lacking in the Executive faculty. His disposition of 
business was orderly and rapid. His power of analysis, 
and his skill in classification, enabled him to despatch a 
vast mass of detail with singular promptness and ease. His 
Cabinet meetings were admirably conducted. His clear 
presentation of official subjects, his well-considered sug- 
gestion of topics on which discussiQU was invited, his 
quick decision when all had been heard, combined to 
show a thoi'oughness of mental training as rare as his 
natural ability and his facile adaptation to a new and en- 
larged field of labor. 

With perfect comprehension of all the inheritances of 
the war, with a cool calculation of the obstacles in his 
way, impelled always by a generous enthusiasm, Garfield 
conceived that much might be done by his Administra- 
tion towards restoring harmony between the different 
sections of the Union. He was anxious to go South and 
speak to the people. As eai-ly as April he had effectually 
endeavored to arrange for a trip to Nashville, whither he 
had been cordially invited, and he was again disappointed 



10 



EULOGY ON JAMES A. GARFIELD. 



a few weeks later to find that he could not go to South 
Carolina to attend the Ceutennial celebration of the vic- 
tory of the Cowpens. But for the Autumn he definitely 
counted on being present at the three memorable assem- 
blies in the South, the celebration at Yorktown, the 
opening of the cotton exposition at Atlanta, and the 
meeting of the Army of the Cumberland at Chattanooga. 
He was already turning over in his mind his address for 
each occasion, and the three taken together, he said to a 
friend, gave him the exact scope and verge which he 
needed. At Yorktown lie would have before him the 
associations of a hundred years that bound the South and 
the North in the sacred memory of a common danger 
and a common victory. At Atlanta he would present 
the material interests and the industrial development 
which appealed to the thrift and independence of every 
household, and which should unite the two sections by 
the instinct of self-interest and self-defence. At Chatta- 
nooga he would revive memories of tlie war only to show 
that after all its disaster and all its suffering the country 
was stronger and greater, the Union rendered indissolu- 
ble, and the future, through the agony and blood of one 
generation, made brighter and better for all. 

Garfield's ambition for the success of his Administra- 
tion was high. With strong caution and conservatism 
in his nature, he was in no danger of attempting rash ex- 
periments or of resorting to the empiricism of statesman- 
ship. But he believed that renewed and closer attention 
should be given to questions affecting the material inter- 
ests and commercial prospects of fifty millions of people. 
He believed that our continental relations, extensive and 
undeveloped as they are, involved responsibility, and 
could be cultivated into profitable friendship or be aban- 
doned to harmful indifference or lasting enmity. He 
believed with equal confidence that an essential forerun- 
ner to a new era of national progress must be a feeling of 
contentment in every section of the Union, and a gener- 
ous belief that the benefits and burdens of government 
would be,common to all. Himself a conspicuous illustra- 
tion of what ability and ambition may do under republi- 
can institutions, he loved his country with a passion of 
patriotic devotion, and every waking thought was given 
to her advancement. He was an American in all his 
aspirations, and he looked to the destiny and influence of 



the United States with the philosophic com])08ure of 
Jefferson and the demonstrative confidence of John 
Adams. 

The political events which disturbed the. President's 
serenity for many weeks before that fateful day in July 
form an important chapter in his career, ajjid, in his own 
judgment, involved questions of principle ' and of right 
which are vitally essential to the constitutional adminis- 
tration of the Federal Government. It would be out of 

i 

place here and now to speak the language cjf controversy ; 
but the events referred to, however they niay continue to 
be source of contention with others, have become, so far 
as Garfield is concerned, as much a master of history as 
his heroism at Chickamauga or his illustrious service in 
the House. Detail is not needful, and personal antago- 
nism shall not be rekindled by any word uttered to-day. 
The motives of those opposing him are not to be here ad- 
versely interpreted nor their course harshly characterized. 
But of the dead President this is to be said, and said be- 
cause his own speech is forever silenced and he can be no 
more heard except through the fidelity and the love of 
surviving friends. From the beginning to the end of tlie 
controversy he so much deplored, the President was never 
for one moment actuated by any motive of gain to him- 
self or of loss to others. Least of all men did he harbor 
revenge, rarely did he even show resentment, and malice 
was not in his nature. He was congenially employed 
only in the exchange of good offices and the doing of 
kindly deeds. 

There was not an hour, from the beginning of the 
trouble till the fatal shot entered his body, when the 
President would not gladly, for the sake of restoring 
harmony, have retraced any step he had taken if such 
retracing had merely involved consequences personal to 
himself. The pride of consistency, or any supposed sense 
of humiliation that might result from surrendering his 
position, had not a feather's weight with him. No man 
was ever less subject to such influences from within or 
from withoHt. But after most anxious deliberation and 
the coolest survey of all the circumstances, he solemnly 
believed that the true prerogatives of the Executive were 
involved in the issue which had been raised, and that he 
would be unfaithful to his supreme obligation if he failed 
to maintain, in all their vigor, the constitutional rights 



EULOGY JN JAMES A. GARFIELD. 



11 



and dignities of his gr^at office. He ])elieved this in all 
the convictions of conscience when in sound and vigorous 
health, and he believed "t in his siift'eiing and prostration 
in the last conscious thought which his wearied mind be- 
.stowed on tlie transitory st "Uggles of life. 

More than this need, not be said. Less than this could 
not be said. Justice to thp dead, the highest obligation 
that devolves upon jtlie living, demands the declaration 
that in all the bearings, of the subject, actual or possible, 
the President was content in his mind, justified in his 
conscience, immovable in his conclusions. 

Garfield's Chabaotkb Reviewed. 

The religious element in Garfield's character was deep 
and earnest. In his early youth he espoused the faith of 
the Disciples, a sect of that great Baptist communion 
which in different ecclesiastical establishments is so 
numerous and so influential throughout all parts of the 
United States. But the broadening tendency of his 
mind and his active spirit of inquiry were early apparent 
and carried him beyond the dogmas of sect and the re- 
straints of association. In selecting a college in which to 
continue his education he rejected Bethany, though pre- 
sided over by Alexander Campbell, the greatest preacher 
of his church. His reasons were characteristic : first, 
that Bethany leaned too heavily toward slavery ; and, 
second, that being himself a Disciple and the son of 
Disciple parents, he had little acquaintance with people 
of other beliefs, and he thought it would make him more 
liberal, — quoting his own words, — both in his religious 
and general views, to go into a new circle and be under 
new influences. 

The liberal tendency which he anticipa*ed as the result 
of wider culture was fully realized. He was emancipated 
from mere sectarian belief, and with eager interest 
pushed his investigations in the direction of modem pro- 
gressive thought. He followed with quickening step in 
the paths of exploration and speculation so fearlessly 
trodden by Darwin, by Huxley, by Tyndall, and by other 
living scientists of the radical and advanced type. His 
own church, binding its disciples by no formulated creed, 
but accepting the Old and New Testaments as the word 
of God with unbiased liberty of pi-ivate interpretation, 
favored, if it did not stimulate, the spirit of investigation. 



Its members profess with sincerity, and profess only to 
be of one mind and one faith with those who immediately 
followed the Master, and who were firet called Christians 
at Antioch. 

But however high Garfield reasoned of " fixed fate, 
free will, foreknowledge absolute," he was never separated 
from the Church of the Disciples in his affections and in 
his associations. For him it held the ark of the covenant. 
To him it was the gate to heaven. The world of relig- 
ious belief is full of solecisms and contradictions. A . 
philosophic observer declares that men by the thousand 
will die in defence of a creed whose doctrines they do 
not comprehend and whose tenets they habitually violate. 
It is equally true that men by the thousand will cling to 
church organizations with instinctive and undying fidelity 
when their belief in maturer years is radically different 
from that which inspired them as neophytes. 

But after this range of speculation, and this latitude 
of doubt, Garfield came back always with freshness and 
delight to the simpler instincts of religious faith, which, 
earliest implanted, longest survive. Not many weeks 
before his assassination, walking on the banks of the 
Potemac with a friend, and conversing on those topics of 
personal religion concerning which noble natures have 
an ^conquerable reserve, he said that he found the 
Lord's Prayer and the simple petitions learned in infaney 
infinitely restful to him, not merely in their stated repe- 
tition, but in their casual and frequent recall as he went 
about the daily duties of life. Certain texts of Scrip- 
ture had a very strong hold ob his memory and his heart. 
He heard, while in Edinburgh, some yeai*s ago, an emi- 
nent Scotch preacher who prefaced his sermon with read- 
ing the eighth chapter of the Epistle to the Romans, 
which book had been the subject of careful study witli 
Garfield during all his religious life. He was greatly 
impressed by the elocution of the preaclier, and declared 
that it had imparted a new and deeper meaning to the 
majestic utterances of St. Paul. He referred often in 
after years to that memorable service, and dwelt with 
exaltation of feeling upon the radiant promise and the 
assured hope with which the great Apostle of the Gen- 
tiles was "persuaded that neither death, nor life, nor 
angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, 
nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any other 



12 



EULOGY ON JAMES A. GARFIELD. 



f! 



creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of 
God, which is in Christ Jesus, our Lord." 

The crowning characteristic of Gen. Garfield's relig- 
ious opinions, as, indeed, of all his opinions, was his lib- 
erality. In all things he had charity. Tolerance was of 
his nature. He respected in others the qualitie.s which 
he possessed himself — sincerity of conviction and frank- 
ness of expression. ; With him the inquiry was not so 
much what a man believes, but does he believe it? The 
lines of his friendship and his confidence encircled men 
of every creed, and men of no creed, and to the end of 
his life, on his ever-lengthening list of friends, were to 
be found the names of a pious Catholic priest and of an 
honest-minded and generous-hearted free-thinker 

Th IS G KEAT Tr AG KDY. 

On the morning of Saturday, July 2d, the President 
was a contented and happy man — not in an ordinary de- 
gree, but joyfully, almost boyishly, happy'. On his %vay 
to the railroad station, to which lie drove slowly, in con- 
Kfious enjoyment of the beautiful morning, with an un- 
wonted sense of leisure and a keen anticipation of pleas- 
ure, his talk was all in the grateful and gratulatory vein. 
He felt that after four months of trial his Administra- 
tion was strong in its grasp of affairs, strong in po'pular 
favor, and destined to gi-ow stronger ; that grave difficul- 
ties confronting him at his inauguration had been safely 
passed ; that trouble lay behind him and not before. him ; 
that he was soon to meet the wife whom he loved, now 
recovering from an illness which had but lately dis- 
quieted and at times almost unnerved him ; that he was 
going to his Ahna Mater to renew the most cherished 
!t.ssociations of his young manliood, and to exchange 
greetings with tliose whose deepening interest liad fol- 
lowed every step of his upward progi-ess from the day 
he entered upon his college coni'se, until he had attained 
the loftiest elevation in the gift of his countrymen. 

Surely, if happiness can ever come from the honors or 
triumphs of this world, on that quiet July morning, 
James A. Qai-Held may well have been a happy man. 
No foreboding of evil haunted him ; no slightest pre- 
monition of danger clouded his sky. His terrible fate 
was upon him in an instant. One moment he stood 
erect, strong, confident in the years stretching peacefully 



/- - ■ 



out before him. The next he fey wounded, bleeding, 
helpless, doomed to weary weeks of torture, to silence 
and the grave. 

Great in life, he was surpaa ingly great in death. Foi- 
no cause, in the very frenzy of waritonness and wicked- 
ness, by the red hand of mufder, he was thrust from the 
full tide of this world's interest, from its hopes, its aspi- 
rations, its victories, into tb.e visible" presence of death— 
and he did not quail. 'Nop alone for the one short mo- 
ment in which, stunned ana dazed, he could give up life, 
hardly aware' of its relirquishment, but through days of 
deadly languor, through weeks of agony, that was not less 
agony because silently borne, with clear sight and calm 
courage he looked i ito his open grave. What blight and 
ruin met his anguished eyes, whose lips may tell — what 
brilliant, broken plans, what baffled, high aiftbitions, what 
sundering of (^trong, warm, manhood's friendships, what 
bitter rending of sweet household ties ! Behind him a 
proud, expectant nation, a great host of sustaining friends, 
a cherished and happy mother, wearing the full, rich 
honors of her early toil and tears ; the wife of his youth, 
whose whole life lay in his ; the little boys not yet 
emerged from childhood's day of frolic ; the fair, young 
daughter, the sturdy sons just springing into closest 
companionship, claiming every day and every day re- 
warding a father's love and care, and in his heart the 
eager, rejoicing power to meet all demand. Befol-e him 
desolation and great darkness! And his soul was not 
shaken. His countrymen were thrilled with instant, 
profound, and universal sympathy. Masterful in his 
mortal weakness, he became the centre of a nation's love, 
enshrined in the prayers of a world. But all tlie love 
and all the sympathy could not share with him kis suffer- 
ing. He trod the winepress alone. With unfaltering 
front he faced death. With unfailing tenderness he took 
leave of life. Above the demoniac hiss of the assassin's 
bullet he heard the voice of God. With simple resigna- 
tion he bowed to the Divine decree. 

As the end drew near his early craving for the sea 
returned. The stately mansion of power had been to 
him the wearisome hospital of pain, and he begged to Im; 
taken from its prison walls, from its oppressive, stifling 
air, from its homelessness and its hopelessness. Gently, 
silently, the love of a great people bore tlie pale sufferer 



EULOGY ON JAMES A. GARFIELD. 



13 



I t-> the longed-for healing of the sea, to live or to die, as 

Vrod should will, within sight of its heaving billows, 

^\. »hin sound of its manifold voices. With wan, fevered 

iftc* i tenderly lifted to the cooling breezt^ he looked out 

y wistfully upon the ocean's changing wonc3r8; on its far 

saili?, whitening in the morning light ; oi.^ its restless 

waves, rolling shoreward to break and die ibcneath the 

noonday sun ; on the red clouds of evening, arcliing low 



to the horizon ; on the serene and shining pathway of the 
stars. Let us think that his dying eyes read a mystic 
meaning which only the rapt and parting soul may know. 
IvCt us believe that in the silence of the receding world 
he heard the great waves breaking on a further shore, 
and felt already upon his wasted brow the breath of the 
eternal morning. 



GUITEAU TRJAL PICTURE. 

An Ensraviiif^ for Every American. 

Handsomely printed on heavy plato paper. Sizo 19x24 in. 
I»liICK ONI^-V a.'J CKNTS. 

DESCKIPTION OF THE ENGRAVING. 
Every man, woman, and child in this whole nation has been inter- 
estixl in the trial and conviction of Gaiteau, tho 

COLD-BLOODED ASSASSIN, 

who deliber.itoly shot James A. Garfield, one of the best of men, and 
the head of our nation, and we have, at great expense, prepared an 
Engraving giving the portrait of each of the 

TWELVE GOOD AND TRUE MEN 

who so promptly and conscientiously echoed the sentiments of the 
whole people in pronouncing a Verdict of Guilty, which consigns the 
ivss:issin to a death on the gallows. 

Every mim will consider it an honor to look upon the face of tho 
twelve "jurymen who gave up their time and business, for seventy-two 
days, to decide one of the most momentous questions ever presented to 
thx mind of man, and on which, to a great extent, depended the stability 
i.uil permanency of all of our 

AMKRICAN INSTITUTIONS. 
In addition to the portraits of the jnrj' who have thus immortalized 
tii< mselves, this engraving presents portraits of 

JAMES A. G.ARFIELD, THE MARTYRED PRESIDENT, 
\\" a.TBR S. Cos, the Presiding Judge— CHiRLEs G. Corkhilj,, District 
Xiunney — J. K. Pobteb, Gounsel for Prosecutioa — E. B. Smith, Asso- 
ciate Counsel — Walter W. Davldoe, As.sociate Counsel — Gbobge M. 
i^oiviLLE, Coimsel for Defen.se - 

Quiteau the Aassssia in Charge of th ■ Court Officers. 
Each of the above portraits were taken feom ufe, thus giving the 
opportunity to all to study the features and expressions of some of the 
ni.i.^t promment men the world has ever seen. 

This engraving, consisting of Twenty Handsome Portraits, should 
in every home and in every day-school in our land, that all may 
Know and realize the full history of the greatest crime of the age, 
and realize that justice and retribution will come upon all who would 
attempt to 
STRIKE DOW^N THE HEAD OF A NATION. 
Wo want an agent in every town, vill^^e, and school-district in the 
whole land to sell it. School girls and boys can make $5.00 to 
iS.5O.0O a week, because we offer unheard-of inducements. Send us 25 
c:ciit-i for a sample copy, and if you desire to act as agent, or know of 
any of yonr friends whom you think will, please reque.st ns to send you 
our oonlidential circular to agents, as we send it only to those who 
contempLate selling tho engraving. Addi-ess all orders and applica- 
tions for agency to 

a". S. 0<3rXXj"^7~X:SS tSs Co., Publishers. 
P. O. Box '.£767. tl5 Ksoe Ha-e«t, New York. 



The Garfield Memorial Picture. 

AN ELEGANT ENGRAVING FOR EVERY HOME. 

Handsomely Printed on Heavy Plate Paper. 
Size 19x24 inches. 

No event in the entire history «f our nation so much deserves being 
kept in the minds and memory of the people as the Life and Death of 
James A. Garfield, one of the truest and noblest of men, who by his 
own exertions rose from a humble place on tho tow-path of the canal 
to the proudest position in the world. 

This engraving presents in striking vividness the history of our 
martyred l^resid.nl, and it should be in every home, that the children 
may know its full mcivning. 

DESCRn>TION OF THE ENGRAVING. 

The engraving comprises Fifteen Very Finely Engraved 

Cuts ""OS'' "f which were prepared expressly for this work. 
' THE G.ARFIELD FAMILY. COMPRISING: 

James A. Garfield; Mrs. James A. Garfield, his wife; Mrs. Eliza Gar- 
field the venerable and respected mother of the President; Portraits of 
the Five Children -viz., Abram Garfield, Irving Garfield, Miss Mollie 
Garfield, James R. Garfield, and Harry A. Garfield. 

It also shows the Garfield Homestead at Mentor, Ohio; Elberon Cot- 
tage, where the President died, showing the temporary track whick 
was laid to the door of the cottage. 

Every boy and girl will be interested in the picture of James A. Gar- 
field driving his mule on the tow-path of the canal, and compare it 
with the one showing his inauguration as President of the fnited 

States. , 1 i u 

One feature of special interest is a carefully prepared chart trom the 
official bulletins, showing the temperature, pulse, and respiration of 
the President during the eighty days of his heroic struggle for life. It 
also has the fac-simile of 

THE LAST LETTER EVER WRITTEN • 
by the President to his Mother, which now has a peculiar and histori- 
cal interest, as showing the vearnings of his heart, and although he 
had risen to be the ruler of OVER FIFTY MILLIONS OF PEOPLE, 
did not forget to show the love and respect due eveiy parent from a 
child. , , ., 

This letter alone is worth ten times the value of the engraving, an* 
it should be in every home, and bv every fire.side. 

The picture is worth rWE DOLLARS, hat we place the price so 
that the poorest family in the land m:iy have a copy. Ora- price for the 
engraving, sent by mail, post-paid, securely and safely packed in onr 
patent roUers, is only 25 cents! We want an agent in every town, vil- 
bge, and school district in the whole land to sell it. School girls and 
boys can mate $5 to $50 a week, because we offer unheard-of in- 
ducements. Send us 25 cents for a sample copy, and if you desire to 
act as agent, plea.e request us to send you our confidential circular to 
agents, as we do not send it only to those who contemplate selling tba 
engraving. Address all orders and applications for agency to 

a: JSS. 0<3-IIj'\7"H: *Ss Go., Publishers, 
P. O. Box 1W67. 23 Ruee Street, New York. 



THE PEOPLE'S LIBRARY: 

ThaP following list of complete Stories bv popular and well-known American ar/d English authors are offerod with the as-/ 
surance that thev will give entire satisfaction. They are printed from large, niw type, on a good quality of heavy papey 
Amono- American authors we can announce several stories by Mrs. May Agnes Flowing, whose writings have been received wi'' 
univei^al favor The People's Library is for sale bv all newsdealers and bookse.^ers in the United States. If you canuot 
it from your bookseUer, any number will be sent by mail on receipt of 12 cen^ts for a 10-cent number, 18 cents for a If,;. I 
number "and 25 cents for a 2b-cent number. The foUowujg is the bat now ready. :A new story is issued every day. 



' Number. i 

. I '7^ A fiTTf AWn'F'I): 



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